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一個(gè)不會(huì)被人淡忘的人——紀(jì)念恩師施于人先生
Home|劉超鴻瓷制雕塑筆筒的儒、道、釋精神|一個(gè)不會(huì)被人淡忘的人——紀(jì)念恩師施于人先生

方李莉獲景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷學(xué)院獲碩士學(xué)位,獲中央工藝美術(shù)學(xué)院(現(xiàn)清華大學(xué)美術(shù)學(xué)院)獲博士學(xué)位同被錄取到北京大學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)人類學(xué)研究所博士后流動(dòng)現(xiàn)任中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院中國(guó)文化研究所副所長(zhǎng),國(guó)家民族民間文化保護(hù)專家委員會(huì)委員,中國(guó)藝術(shù)人類學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)一個(gè)不會(huì)被人淡忘的人——紀(jì)念恩師施于人先生方李莉記得春節(jié)回景德鎮(zhèn),當(dāng)時(shí)我剛通過我的博士畢業(yè)論文,并由清華大學(xué)出版社出版,剛出版的書還散發(fā)著油墨的香味,書的名字叫《新工藝文化論——人類造物大趨勢(shì)》我到先生家拜,并把書送給他,作為我離開陶瓷學(xué)院到北京讀書后的成果交待。

先生收到書后很激動(dòng),他迅速的打開,翻看完目錄和導(dǎo)言他說,他想不到以前是一個(gè)搞創(chuàng)作的人,在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)卻完成了這樣一富有艱深理論的專著但他認(rèn)為藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)的理論非常重要,國(guó)家的發(fā)展非常需要這樣的人才,需要一些這方面的深刻思考他說他會(huì)放在身邊慢慢讀,等我下次再回北京的時(shí)候,他會(huì)好好和我討論春節(jié)結(jié)束后我回到北京,不久便被錄取到北京大學(xué)做人類學(xué)方面的博士后,準(zhǔn)備做更深一步的有關(guān)藝術(shù)理論方面的研究我想先生如果知道這一消息,一定也會(huì)高興,而且我還期待著和他就我的博士論文做進(jìn)一步的探討,并對(duì)我博士后期間的研究提一些看法誰知道沒多久我卻從中得知他不幸遇到車禍,永遠(yuǎn)的離開了我們,我當(dāng)時(shí)驚呆了,很多要向先生說的話,很多要和先生討論的問題,都不再有機(jī)會(huì)了這么多我一直都在心里默默地懷念著他,懷念著我在陶瓷學(xué)院讀書時(shí)他對(duì)我的教導(dǎo),還有他的音容笑貌,他做人的原則。

我和我的丈夫朱樂耕都是他的研究生,不同的是朱樂耕進(jìn)校之前對(duì)陶瓷藝術(shù)就有了非常專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí),而且當(dāng)時(shí)就小有名氣,不少作品得過獎(jiǎng)而我以前學(xué)的是繪畫,對(duì)陶瓷有興趣完全是受朱樂耕的影響雖然考上了陶瓷學(xué)院美術(shù)系的研究生,但對(duì)陶瓷工藝卻還不熟悉但無知者無畏,由于我進(jìn)去時(shí)是一片空白,所以可以做任何的嘗試開始我對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的粉彩感興趣,做了一些這方面的作品但后來又覺得,學(xué)習(xí)陶瓷藝術(shù)如果還只能是像我以前一樣畫畫,就沒有多大意思了。

一心想做的是摸泥巴,現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)陶藝的人摸泥巴很正常但在我們的那個(gè)時(shí)候,只有做陶瓷雕塑的人才能摸泥巴而我學(xué)的是陶瓷設(shè)計(jì)和裝飾,這樣的專業(yè)只能是在之上畫圖紙,或在瓷器上畫一些裝飾性的繪畫。

而摸泥巴的沖動(dòng)讓我完全置學(xué)科的界限而不顧,做了許多的雕塑、壁飾我以為先生會(huì)不高興,因?yàn)檫@與他所教給我的完全不同。

但沒想到他不但沒有批評(píng)我,反而鼓勵(lì)我大膽的走自己的路他認(rèn)為按照自己的想法做創(chuàng)作,按照自己的想法來學(xué)習(xí)很重要,因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)最重要的就是創(chuàng)新在他的鼓勵(lì)下,我做了一系列的瓷雕作品。

畢業(yè)時(shí)我和當(dāng)時(shí)也同是先生的碩士生的許雅柯一起辦了一個(gè)畢業(yè)展,效果不錯(cuò)我的好幾件作品,參加全國(guó)的和景德鎮(zhèn)的陶瓷美術(shù)展都得到了一等獎(jiǎng),還在浙江美術(shù)學(xué)院出版社出版了一陶瓷藝術(shù)的畫冊(cè)當(dāng)時(shí)真的令我很興奮我可以說是沒有任何陶瓷工藝基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)來的,畢業(yè)時(shí)卻能取得這么好的成績(jī)現(xiàn)在想起來我都非常感謝先生,如果他當(dāng)時(shí)沒有那樣的一種氣度和眼光,要把我限制在我不感興趣的陶瓷繪畫和設(shè)計(jì)里,就不會(huì)有我的這些作品也不會(huì)有我自由快樂的三碩士生的創(chuàng)作和學(xué)習(xí)的生活,當(dāng)時(shí)也有人對(duì)我的作品產(chǎn)生過非議,質(zhì)問我到底是雕塑專業(yè)的學(xué)生還是設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)的學(xué)生,但都被先生給頂回去了。

現(xiàn)在看來當(dāng)時(shí)先生的眼光和思考是超前的,因?yàn)樵诮裉炜鐚W(xué)科研究已成為一種趨勢(shì),何況是不同的手段來表現(xiàn)自己的藝術(shù)思想也許正是先生的鼓勵(lì),使我成為了一個(gè)不墨守成規(guī)的人,一個(gè)敢于打破自我的人畢業(yè)后從陶瓷藝術(shù)走向了工藝美術(shù)學(xué)的研究,又走向了人類學(xué)的研究對(duì)于我來說專業(yè)并不是十分重要,因?yàn)閷I(yè)身也是人為去劃分的重要的是我們將如何去認(rèn)識(shí)問題,研究問題和解決問題,只要能解決,什么方法和什么手段都是可以借鑒和采用的,這也是在先生鼓勵(lì)下讓我產(chǎn)生的想法先生給予我的不僅是做學(xué)問的方式,更重要的還有做人的態(tài)度他為人謙虛和低調(diào),但他的內(nèi)心世界卻如火一邊的熱情,而且充滿著童心,如果沒有和他近距離的接觸是很難了解到的有一次春節(jié)期間他帶我和朱樂耕到云貴地區(qū)做考察,我們一起來到了西雙版納,一路步行到過許多的傣族和佤族的寨子,畫畫寫生做考察,一路上他興趣盎然,童心大發(fā)他那正好六十歲,一天他告訴我們那天時(shí)他六十歲的生日,我們帶了一些方便面,師生三人吃方便面祝壽,雖然簡(jiǎn)單也很有意思晚上我們步行到了一個(gè)佤族的寨子里,正碰上有一戶人家建房子,按照當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗,建房時(shí)全寨人都會(huì)來幫忙,晚上大家要圍著篝火跳舞到通宵看到這樣熱鬧的場(chǎng)景,先生興奮起來,他不僅鉆到了人群中去跳舞,還拿起了當(dāng)?shù)氐南笸裙倪叴蜻吿?,頓時(shí)他成了舞會(huì)的中心,大家圍坐他邊跳邊喊我和朱樂耕開始很拘謹(jǐn),覺得自己不會(huì)跳,不知如何加入才好看到先生如此投入歡快,也放開了,鉆進(jìn)舞場(chǎng)上,隨著節(jié)拍跳了起來在這以前我一直覺得跳舞是演員的專利,我們只是舞蹈的觀看者但那天我突然發(fā)現(xiàn),只要我們打開心扉,放下拘束,讓自己進(jìn)入一個(gè)自由狀態(tài),其實(shí)我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)是一個(gè)很好的舞蹈者不僅是跳舞其實(shí)做人也一樣,很多事情我們做不好,是因?yàn)槲覀儾粔蜃匀唬粔蚍潘?,不能解放自己身上的很多束縛,不能讓自己的人性得到充分的展示那天晚上我們跳得很盡興,很開心最重要的是從那天開始我到了舞場(chǎng)上不再發(fā)怵,一直到現(xiàn)在,只要到少數(shù)民族地區(qū)考察我都會(huì)和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄鹛柽@次舞蹈可以說部分地改變了我的性格,使我比以前灑脫,自由,少拘束這樣的性格對(duì)對(duì)我的今天可以說是有極大的幫助的,它可以說是部分地成就了我因此,今天當(dāng)我們聚在一起回憶先生,對(duì)于我來講有的不僅是懷念,還是感恩他是我人生經(jīng)歷中的非常重要的一部分,如果抽調(diào)他對(duì)我的影響,就很難構(gòu)成我今天完整的人生所以在這里,我非常感謝卡拉教授,她作為一個(gè)美國(guó)人竟然花了十的時(shí)間去研究先生,為他出畫冊(cè),為他辦展覽,關(guān)心他夫人的生活讓先生又回到了被大家逐步淡忘的記憶中,真的是令我很感動(dòng),也很感激,很慚愧,很多應(yīng)該我們這些弟子做的事都讓她做了我要向她致敬!在這里我還要感謝的是師母,記得先生在世時(shí),我們每次上門去求教,師母都要留我們吃飯,不斷地往我的碗里挾好吃的如今師母也老了,我衷心的祝她健康長(zhǎng)壽!fangliliin1990,fangliliwasgrantedamastersdegreefromjingdezhenceramicinstitute;in1996,shewasawardedadoctoraldegreefromthecentralacademyofartsandcrafts(nowtsinghuauniversity)inbeijing.thatsameyear,shewasadmittedtotheinstituteofsociologyandanthropologyatbeijinguniversitytodopost-doctoralresearch.currently,sheisdeputydirectoroftheinstituteofchineseculture,amemberofthenationalfolkcultureprotectioncommitteeofexperts,andaleaderatthechinaartinstituteofanthropology.theonewhowillneverbeforgottenbyfangliliirecallgoinghometojingdezhenforspringfestivalin1996.ihadjustdefendedmyph.d.thesisentitled“newprocesses:trendsinhumanconstructionactivities”,andithadbeenpublishedbytsinghuauniversitypress.duringtheholidays,iwenttomastershiyuren’shometopaymyrespectsandgivehimacopyofmydissertation,whichdoubledasaprogressreportformypost-jingdezhenstudiesinbeijing.hetoldmeheneverwouldhaveimaginedthatastudioartistlikemyselfcouldaccomplishsuchscholarshipinsuchashorttime.healwaysbelieveditwasveryimportanttostudythetheoreticalfoundationsofartanddesign,afieldwhichrequiredexpertsandresearch.heassuredmehewouldslowlyreadanddigestmybookinanticipationofanin-depthdiscussionthenexttimeicamehomefrombeijing.whenireturnedtobeijingafterspringfestival,iwasacceptedasapost-doctoralstudentinanthropologyatbeijinguniversitywhereiwouldfocusonarttheory.ihopedshiyurenwouldbehappyformynewplan,andilookedforwardtodiscussingmydissertationworkwithhimandaskinghisadviceregardingmycomingstudies.thenireceivedaphonecalltellingmeabouthisdeathinatrafficaccident.iwasinshock:somanythingsiwantedtotellhim,somanytopicswewouldneverdiscuss.suddenly,hewasgone.duringthesepastyears,ioftenthinkofhimfondly.imissthetimeistudiedwithhiminjingdezhen,andimisshissmile,hisvoiceandhisapproachtolife.myhusbandzhulegengandiarebothhismfagraduatestudents.myhusband,however,wasanestablishedceramicartistwithsystematicstudiesinceramicsandaprize-winningbodyofworkevenbeforebecomingshiyuren’sprotégé.i,ontheotherhand,hadpreviouslystudiedpainting,butihadnotatfirstbecomeinterestedinceramicart.althoughiwasacceptedintothemfaprograminceramics,iknewlittleabouttheporcelain-makingprocess.luckily,ihadafearlessattitudeandexperimentedfreelywithoutpreconceptions.atfirst,iwasinterestedinthepolychromeoverglazetechniqueknownasfencaiorfamille-rose.afterunderstandingthesimilaritiesbetweentraditionalpaintingandporcelainpainting,idevelopedakeeninterestinplayingwithclay.nowadays,itiscommonforceramicartiststohandleclay,butwheniwasastudent,onlyceramicsculptorsactuallyputtheirhandsinclay.althoughiwasmajoringinceramicdecorativeartswhichwaslimitedtosurfacepainting,iwasgrippedbythedesiretogetliterallyintouchtherawmaterials,soimadeaseriesofwallsculptureswhichithendecorated.iwasexpectingdisapprovalfromshiyurensincesuchworkdifferedfromthestandard;instead,hestronglyencouragedmetofollowmyinstincts.heinsistedthatthemostimportantthingforanartististobeinnovativeandtofollowone’sownstyle.withhisencouragement,imadeaseriesofceramicsandwonfirstprizeinbothjingdezhenandnationalcompetitions.iwasveryexcitedbythezhejiangacademyoffineartspresspublicationofamonographofmywork.subsequently,ienteredthemfaprograminceramicswithjustalittleknowledgeoftheporcelainprocessbutultimatelygraduatedwithsuccess.lookingback,iowemanythankstoshiyuren.withouthisvisionandopen-mindedness,icouldneverhaveaccomplishedwhatididhadibeenconfinedtojustceramicartanddesigninwhichihadscantinterestatthetime.thankstoshiyuren,ienjoyed3happyandcarefreeyearsasanmfastudent.duringthoseyears,otherschallengedthedirectionofmyworkandquestionedwhetheriwasmajoringindesignorinsculpture.thesecontroversieswerealltemperedbyshiyuren,amasterteacheraheadofhistime.today,thetrendistowardinterdisciplinarystudieswhichdonotrestrictthemeansusedforartisticends.inspiredbyshiyuren,ihavebecomeamaverickwhodarestobreakrulesandovercomelimitations.aftergettingmymfa,iwentintothefieldofanthropologyfollowedbytheoreticalstudiesinartanddesign.tome,itmatterslittlewhichdisciplineistudybecausealldisciplinesaredefinedbyhumanbeings.moreimportantistheprocessofcomingupwithaproblem,thenfiguringouthowtostudyitandsolveitusingwhatevermeansinwhicheverways.alltheseconceptualapproacheswereinspiredbyshiyuren.shiyurentaughtmehowtostudy,butevenmoreimportant,hetaughtmehowtobeagoodperson.heislow-keyandhumble,butalsofullofpassionandchild-likeplayfulness.itisdifficulttoseethatsideofhimwithoutbeingcloseup.onceduringspringfestival,shiyurentookmeandzhulegengonaschooltriptoyunnanandguizhouprovinces.wearrivedatxishuangbannawherewecollectedrawmaterials,madesketches,andstudiedlocalculturesandfolkarts.wevisitedmanydaiandwaminoritypeople’svillageswherewedrew,painted,andinteractedwiththevillagers.oneday,ithappenedtobeshiyuren’ssixtiethbirthday.wecookednoodlesincelebrationforasimple,butmemorablemeal.intheevening,wewalkedtoawavillagewhereweencounteredafamilybuildinganewhouse.accordingtolocalcustom,everyoneinthevillagemustparticipateintheconstructionwork,followedbyanall-nightpartywithsinginganddancingaroundabonfire.shiyurenwassoexcitedtocrashtheparty.henotonlydanced,buthealsoplayedtheelephantfootdrum.hewasthecenterofattention,andweallcheeredanddancedaroundhim.atfirst,myhusbandandifeltalittleawkwardsincewedidn’tknowthedancestepsorwhattodo.butseeingshiyurensorelaxedandfulloffun,wejoinedthedancingcrowd.previously,ihadthoughtdancingwasjustforactresses,notforordinaryaudiencememberslikemyself.butatthatmomentwithshiyuren,irealizedweareallnaturaldancersaslongasweopenupourhearts,relax,andleteverythinggo.dancingislikeliving:wefeelwecan’tdoitbecausewehaveforgottenhowtobenatural,relaxed,andfreetounleashourinnerselves.wehadaspectaculartimethatnightinyunnan.fromthenonin,iwasnotself-consciousonthedancefloor.now,ialwaysdancewithlocalpeoplewheneverivisitanautonomousminorityregion.iattributetheoutgoingaspectsofmycharacter–andthesuccessesihaveenjoyed–tothisexperiencewithshiyurenonhisbirthday.onthisveryday,wegathertocelebratethememoryofmastershiyuren.forme,thiseventismorethanamemorial;itisalsoatimeforthanksgiving.hecontinuestobesuchanimportantpartofmylife.withouthisinfluence,icouldnothavebecomethepersoniamtoday.finally,iwanttosincerelythanktheamerican,carlacoch,whohasdevoted10preciousyearsofherlifetothestudyofshiyuren:shehaspublishedabook,organizedtwoexhibitionsofhiswork,andtakencareofhiswidowliuhaixian.carlahasenabledshiyuren’slighttoshineagainfromoutofourfadingmemories.iamimpressed,andalittleashamed,thatshehasdonetheworkthatshouldhavebeenundertakenbyhisprotégés.isaluteher!last,butnotleast,iwishtothankliuhaixian.everytimeivisitedherhusband,shealwaysinvitedustostayfordinnerandinsistedweeatmore,thenevenmore.now,althoughliuhaixianisgettingolder,iwishherlonglifeandhappiness!translatedbyyenfenhuangandcarlacoch

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